![]() McNamara consolidated intelligence and logistics functions of the Pentagon into two centralized agencies: the Defense Intelligence Agency and the Defense Supply Agency. Kennedy and McNamara instituted a Cold War defense strategy of flexible response, which anticipated the need for military responses short of massive retaliation. McNamara became a close adviser to Kennedy and advocated the use of a blockade during the Cuban Missile Crisis. After briefly serving as Ford's president, McNamara accepted appointment as secretary of defense. These " Whiz Kids" helped reform Ford with modern planning, organization, and management control systems. After World War II, Henry Ford II hired McNamara and a group of other Army Air Force veterans to work for Ford Motor Company. He served in the United States Army Air Forces during World War II. McNamara was born in San Francisco, California, and graduated from the University of California, Berkeley and Harvard Business School. McNamara was responsible for the institution of systems analysis in public policy, which developed into the discipline known today as policy analysis. He played a major role in promoting the U.S.'s involvement in the Vietnam War. ![]() He remains the longest-serving secretary of defense, having remained in office over seven years. ![]() Robert Strange McNamara ( / ˈ m æ k n ə m ær ə/ J– July 6, 2009) was an American business executive and the eighth United States secretary of defense, serving from 1961 to 1968 under presidents John F. ![]()
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